Capabilities Canada’s armed forces are focused principally on territorial defence, as well as contributing important capabilities to international missions, principally through NATO.
The 2017 defence review reaffirmed commitments to NATO, but also to modernising capabilities, including cyber power. Canada operates a volunteer force with high standards of training. The review promised to increase regular and reserve forces, with particular enhancements in the areas of cyber and intelligence. Deployments, although relatively small scale, underscore a determination to maintain a power-projection capability and international engagement. Canada’s leadership of a NATO battlegroup in Latvia highlights a continuing capability to deploy mediumsized land formations. It has also contributed to NATO’s airpolicing mission. Meanwhile, the deployments of frigates and submarines to the NATO theatre and the Pacific demonstrate continuing blue-water naval capabilities.
The 2017 review pledged to finally deliver on a range of delayed procurements aimed at making the services more suitable to future operations. It raised the target for a new-generation fighter to 88 aircraft, but a trade dispute with Boeing saw Canada turn to Australia to purchase second-hand F/A-18s to supplement its current fleet. In October 2018, the government selected the Lockheed Martin-led consortium and its BAE Systems Type-26 frigate design as the preferred bidder for Canada’s future surface combatant. Canada maintains a well-developed range of mainly small and medium-sized defence firms.
The strongest sector is in combat vehicles and components, though the naval sector has recently developed. ACTIVE 66,600 (Army 23,000 Navy 8,300 Air Force 12,000 Other
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